Chip seal, also known as tar-and-chip, is a pavement surface treatment that combines one or more layers of asphalt with one or more layers of fine aggregate. This method is often used to extend the life of a road by providing a new wearing surface. It's a cost-effective alternative to traditional asphalt paving, particularly suitable for lower traffic areas and rural roads. The process involves spraying a heated film of asphalt emulsion onto the road, followed by the application of aggregate chips. These chips are then compacted into the binder to form a durable and rough layer.

One of the significant advantages of chip seal is its ability to seal small cracks and irregularities, improving the overall road texture and providing skid resistance. This not only enhances the safety of the road but also helps in preserving the underlying pavement by preventing water intrusion, a major cause of pavement deterioration. Chip seal also has a relatively short curing time, which minimizes road closure durations and thus reduces the impact on traffic flow.

Additionally, chip seal is environmentally friendly due to its lower consumption of raw materials compared to traditional hot-mix asphalt paving. It also requires less energy to produce and can be applied using local materials, further reducing its carbon footprint. The aesthetic flexibility to choose different color aggregates to blend with the natural surroundings is another appealing aspect for many communities. Overall, chip seal is a practical and sustainable choice for maintaining and enhancing road quality without the higher costs associated with hot-mix asphalt.